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The Linux
system performs the boot process automatically when the system
is turned on. There a series of messages that display during this
process. If there are problems, error messages will display.
The scripts
used to control how the system will work are stored in the
/etc directory. Mainly /etc/inittab and /etc/rc.d.
You can view these files but we strongly
recommend that you not attempt to change them unless you are an
experienced Linux administrator.
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Linux, like
any server operating system, does not like it if you just turn
the power off. You risk the possibilities of damaging the operating
system. Before turning the power off, you
must execute the 'shutdown' command.
| Options |
What
it does |
| now |
shutdown
immediately |
| +n |
n is
the number of minutes to wait |
| -h |
actually
halt system, ready for power off |
| -r |
shutdown
and automatically perform a re-boot |
| -c |
cancel
the shutdown |
| Examples |
What
it does |
| shutdown
now -h |
To
shutdown the system immediately, ready for power off |
|
shutdown +10 -h |
To
shutdown the system in 10 minutes and ready for power off |
| shutdown
now -r or reboot |
To
shutdown and automatically reboot |
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If the system
is already up and running, you can use the init command
to start/stop the status of the system.
| Options |
What
it does |
| 0 |
halt
system |
| 1 |
single
user mode (for maintenance purposes, won't allow
others to login) |
| 3 |
multi-user
mode (normal mode) |
| 5 |
multi-user
mode with GUI started (normal level for workstations
using Xwindows) |
| 6 |
reboot |
| Examples |
What
it does |
|
init 1 |
To
set single user mode |
|
init 6 |
reboot |
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fsck
is automatically run every time the system boots. Occasionally
you may have to run fsck manually to fix a damaged file
system. Because the results and options can vary greater, it is
recommended to only run this utility with the advice of an Linux
administrator. Must be run from the root
account.
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